Postwar martial arts program in Japanese higher education : case of Nippon College of Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the following hypothesis: The purpose, content, and method of martial arts training defined by prewar legacies tend to persist within a limited scope and context despite major postwar reforms to the contrary. This study proposed to provide data from Nippon College of Physical Education as the central focus since this institution historically held national distinction in the development of physical education in Japan.;It was indicative from the historical data available that N.C.P.E. had undergone considerable institutional changes since it began in 1891. to clarify the historical evolution and environmental forces, the analytical period was divided into the five major eras: Meiji era (1868-1912), the Taisho era (1912-1926), the Showa era (1926-1945), the postwar occupation era (1945-1951), and the contemporary period (1951-1980s).;In reviewing the evolutionary process of the martial arts curricula at N.C.P.E. from the formulative years to the present, the following points were significant from the data examined in relation to the research hypothesis of this study. (1) During the Meiji era, the institution endorsed the purpose of nation building within the national framework of the Meiji ideology of nationalism and militarism. as a result, the Bushido code of conduct for the medieval military class was incorporated into the institutional mission in order to build a student character designed to fulfill national objectives. (2) During the Taisho era, over seventy percent of the Japanese physical education teachers were graduates of this institution. The martial arts curriculum and related disciplines were expanded and intensified as active duty military officers began to be involved extensively. Despite the influx of Westernized curriculum innovations, the martial arts were hardly influenced. The central ministry continued its greater centralization policy to control liberalism. (3) During the Showa era (1926-1945), the central mission of the college centered on Showa era nationalism and the martial arts program development for the fulfillment of the Kokutai (National Polity). The content and method incorporated compulsory subjects of Shushin (morals and ethics) designed by the Thought Bureau of the Ministry of Education. A highly authoritarian and vertically oriented social system, Shigoki (physical ordeals) as a method of mental discipline, and tradition and ceremony were emphasized essentially to be in accordance with the institutional mission and fulfillment of the imperial will. . . . (Author\u27s abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI

Population Synthesis via k-Nearest Neighbor Crossover Kernel

The recent development of multi-agent simulations brings about a need for population synthesis. It is a task of reconstructing the entire population from a sampling survey of limited size (1% or so), supplying the initial conditions from which simulations begin. This paper presents a new kernel density estimator for this task. Our method is an analogue of the classical Breiman-Meisel-Purcell estimator, but employs novel techniques that harness the huge degree of freedom which is required to model high-dimensional nonlinearly correlated datasets: the crossover kernel, the k-nearest neighbor restriction of the kernel construction set and the bagging of kernels. The performance as a statistical estimator is examined through real and synthetic datasets. We provide an "optimization-free" parameter selection rule for our method, a theory of how our method works and a computational cost analysis. To demonstrate the usefulness as a population synthesizer, our method is applied to a household synthesis task for an urban micro-simulator.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) 201

Airborne microorganisms in the indoor environment of Syowa Station in Antarctica

Airborne bacterial and fungal numbers in the buildings of Syowa Station in Antarctica were examined for 9 months in 2001. The number of bacteria or fungi was less than 20 or 70/m^3 in the dining room and washroom. The average number of bacteria or fungi was less than 1/50 or 1/5 of those in Japan and Europe, respectively, and remained constant regardless of season. The number of airborne microorganisms appeared to depend on drying of the indoor environment by the use of air-conditioners

Flow Pattern Transition of Fine Cohesive Powders in a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed under Mechanical Vibrating Conditions

AbstractIn this study, the fluidization characteristics for fine cohesive powders under mechanical vibrating conditions were experimentally investigated. In a case of handling of fine cohesive powders with fluidized bed, stable gas channels and cracks were easily formed in the bed due to the strong cohesiveness acting among particles. A mechanical vibration is one of the methods to improve the fluidity of fine cohesive powders. In this study, we focused on the transition of the dominant bed flow pattern induced by mechanical bed vibrating conditions. The powders used in this study were different sizes (0.7 – 20μm) and materials (silica, alumina, polymer). All powders belonged to group-C in the Geldart classification. The bed expansion ratio was lower in the relatively smaller vibration strengths regardless of the gas velocity, however, it steeply increased with larger a certain vibration strength. Form the visual observation of the bed, the bubble formation appeared with larger than such a critical vibration strength. This implied that the dominant bed fluidization pattern was transitioned from channeling behavior (group-C) to bubbling behavior (group-A or –AC) by the addition of the mechanical vibration

The Flameretardant Study of PVA Using for Corrugated Cardboard

AbstractCorrugated cardboards have truss structure, so these have advantageous in terms of specific strength, workability, price and recycling efficiency. For these properties, corrugated cardboards are used as packing materials. In this research We tried to study about the flameretardancy (FR) of a corrugated cardboards using for Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The coating PVA on the cardboard is possible to be recyclable, because PVA has water solubility. Also the reason using PVA is to protect from the toxicity of flameretardant, which is used to the cardboards. We studied the FR-PVA for different with decomposition point of FR agent. We measured TGA and combustion test of the PVA. In the result, we could get the flameretardancy of PVA